ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
¹·¹·Êé¼® ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

ÖƸߵã-µÚ53ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



WILLIAM¡¡McDONOUGH£¬Å¦Ô¼Áª°î´¢±¸ÒøÐÐÐг¤£ºµ±Ê±Ò»¸ö·Ç³£·Ç³£Ææ¹ÖµÄÊÂÇé·¢ÉúÁË¡£´óÔ¼´Ó¶þÔÂÒ»ºÅÖ±µ½°ËÔ³õ£¬ÓÐÕâÑùÒ»¸öʱÆÚ£¬¸÷×ʱ¾Êг¡ÈÏΪ·çÏÕÊÇÈ«È»²»´æÔڵġ£
Onscreen¡¡caption£º¡¡Moscow£»¡¡August¡¡1998
×ÖÄ»£ºÄªË¹¿Æ£¬1998Äê8ÔÂ
NARRATOR£º¡¡Markets¡¡thought¡¡contagion¡¡had¡¡been¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡Asia¡£¡¡Investment¡¡flowed¡¡elsewhere¡£¡¡Some¡¡came¡¡to¡¡Russia£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡Moscow¡¡stock¡¡market¡¡was¡¡the¡¡best¡¡performing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡But¡¡economic¡¡reforms¡¡had¡¡stalled£»¡¡and¡¡Russia¡¡was¡¡heavily¡¡in¡¡debt¡£¡¡Even¡¡so£»¡¡investors¡¡were¡¡convinced¡¡they'd¡¡found¡¡an¡¡emerging¡¡market¡¡that¡¡couldn't¡¡fail¡£
ÅÔ°×£º¸÷¸öÊг¡¾ùÈÏΪÕâÒ»¶ñÐÔÓ°ÏìÒѱ»¶ôÖÆÔÚÑÇÖÞ¡£Í¶×ÊÁ÷ÏòÆäËûµØÇø¡£ÓÐЩÁ÷Èë¶íÂÞ˹¡£µ±Ê±µÄĪ˹¿Æ¹ÉƱÊг¡ÔÚÊÀ½çÉϱíÏÖ×îºÃ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬¾­¼Ã¸Ä¸ïÒѾ­Í£Ö¹ÁË£¬¶øÇÒ¶íÂÞ˹¸ºÕ®ÀÛÀÛ¡£¾¡¹ÜÈç´Ë£¬Í¶×ÊÕßÃǼáÐÅËûÃÇÕÒµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÐÂÐ˵ģ¬²»»áʧ°ÜµÄÊг¡¡£
WILLIAM¡¡McDONOUGH£º¡¡Investors¡¡had¡¡decided¡¡Russia¡¡is¡¡an¡¡exsuperpower£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡lots¡¡of¡¡missiles¡¡and¡¡lots¡¡of¡¡atomic¡¡warheads¡¡¡¡certainly¡¡you¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have¡¡a¡¡financial¡¡accident¡¡in¡¡Russia£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡countries£»¡¡would¡¡bail¡¡Russia¡¡out¡£¡¡Well£»¡¡it¡¡turned¡¡out¡¡that¡¡that¡¡was¡¡wrong¡£
WILLIAM¡¡McDONOUGH£ºÍ¶×ÊÕßÃÇÈÏΪ¶íÂÞ˹ÊÇÒ»¸öÇ°³¬¼¶´ó¹ú£¬ËüÓкܶർµ¯ºÍºËµ¯Í·¡ª¡ªµ±È»Äã²»¿ÉÄÜÔÚ¶íÂÞ˹ÓнðÈÚʹʣ¬ÒòΪÊÀ½çÆäËû¹ú¼Ò£¬ÄÇЩ·¢´ï¹ú¼Ò£¬»á°ïÖú¶íÂÞ˹¶È¹ýÄѹصġ£È»¶ø£¬½á¹ûÊÇËûÃÇÏë´íÁË¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡Russia¡¡defaulted¡¡on¡¡its¡¡debt¡£¡¡Its¡¡currency¡¡plummeted¡£¡¡Global¡¡investors¡¡were¡¡stunned¡£
ÅÔ°×£º¶íÂÞ˹²»ÄÜÂÄÐÐËüµÄ»¹¿îÒåÎñ¡£ËüµÄ»õ±Ò´ó´óµØ±áÖµ¡£È«ÇòµÄͶ×ÊÕß±»Õð¾ªÁË¡£
WILLIAM¡¡McDONOUGH£º¡¡All¡¡these¡¡people¡¡who¡¡in¡¡the¡¡previous¡¡seven¡¡months¡¡had¡¡decided¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡risk¡¡anywhere¡¡literally¡¡panicked¡¡and¡¡decided¡¡there's¡¡got¡¡to¡¡be¡¡massive¡¡risk¡¡everywhere¡£¡¡Behind¡¡each¡¡fence¡¡and¡¡barnyard¡¡wall¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡risk¡¡that¡¡we¡¡hadn't¡¡though¡¡of£»¡¡you¡¡know£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡redcoats¡¡retreating¡¡from¡¡Lexington¡£
WILLIAM¡¡McDONOUGH£ºËùÓÐÄÇЩÔÚÇ°Æ߸öÔÂÖÐÈÏΪ·çÏÕʵ¼Ê¸ù±¾²»´æÔÚµÄÈË¿Ö»ÅÁË£¬¡¡²¢ÈÏΪ¾Þ´óµÄ·çÏÕÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚ¡£ÔÚÿһ¸öÀé°ÊºÍ¿Õ³¡Î§Ç½µÄºóÃæ¿Ï¶¨»áÓÐÒ»¸öÎÒÃÇûÓÐÏëµ½µÄ·çÏÕ£¬ÄãÖªµÀ£¬¾ÍÏóµ±ÄêºìÒ¾üÍų·³öÀ³¿ËÐǶÙÒ»Ñù¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡Everywhere£»¡¡markets¡¡were¡¡freezing¡¡up¡£¡¡The¡¡economic¡¡crisis¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡taken¡¡on¡¡a¡¡life¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ£¬Êг¡¶¼Í£ÖͲ»Ç°ÁË¡£¾­¼ÃΣ»úËƺõ¿ªÊ¼ÁËËü×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»¸öÉúÃüÖÜÆÚ¡£
ROBERT¡¡RUBIN£º¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡good¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡what¡¡was¡¡going¡¡on¡£¡¡But¡¡what¡¡I¡¡didn't¡¡know£»¡¡and¡¡nobody¡¡could¡¡possibly¡¡have¡¡known£»¡¡was¡¡not¡¡what¡¡was¡¡going¡¡on¡¡at¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡that¡¡you¡¡were¡¡looking¡¡at£»¡¡but¡¡what¡¡was¡¡going¡¡to¡¡happen¡¡at¡¡the¡¡next¡¡moment¡£
ÂÞ²®ÌØ¡£Â³±ö£ºµ±Ê±£¬ÎÒÒÔΪÎÒͦÁ˽ⷢÉúÁËʲôÊ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒµ±Ê±²»ÖªµÀµÄ£¬¶øÇÒûÓÐÈË¿ÉÄÜÖªµÀµÄ²¢²»Êǵ±Ê±ÔÚ·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇ飬¶øÊÇÔÙÍùºóÒª·¢ÉúʲôÊÂÇéÁË¡£
RICHARD¡¡GEPHARDT£»¡¡Democratic¡¡Leader£»¡¡£º¡¡When¡¡you¡¡get¡¡in¡¡a¡¡room¡¡with¡¡both¡¡Alan¡¡Greenspan¡¡and¡¡Robert¡¡Rubin¡¡and¡¡they¡¡say¡¡they're¡¡scared¡¡to¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡they've¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡anything¡¡like¡¡this£»¡¡and¡¡they're¡¡worried¡¡about¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡can¡¡get¡¡through¡¡it£»¡¡I¡¡get¡¡worried£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡know¡¡a¡¡heck¡¡of¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡more¡¡about¡¡it¡¡than¡¡I¡¡do¡£¡¡You¡¡had¡¡the¡¡contagion¡¡sweeping¡¡across¡¡the¡¡developing¡¡countries¡£¡¡As¡¡Rubin¡¡said£»¡¡we'd¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡that¡¡before¡£¡¡I¡¡mean£»¡¡maybe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Depression¡¡they¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡over¡¡a¡¡period¡¡of¡¡time£»¡¡but¡¡nothing¡¡happened¡¡that¡¡quickly¡£
RICHARD¡¡GEPHARDT£¬ÃÀ¹úÖÚÒéÔºµÄÃñÖ÷µ³ÁìÐ䣺Èç¹ûÄãÓë¸ñÁÖ˹Å˺ÍÂÞ²®ÌØ¡£Â³±öÀ´µ½Í¬Ò»¸ö·¿¼ä£¬¶øËûÃÇ˵ËûÃÇ¿ìÒªÏÅËÀÁË£¬ËûÃÇ´Óû¼û¹ýÕâÑùµÄÊ£¬¶øÇÒËûÃǵ£ÐÄËûÃÇÄÜ·ñ¿¸¹ýÈ¥£¬ÎҾͽôÕÅÁË£¬ÒòΪËûÃǶԴ˵ÄÁ˽â±ÈÎÒ¶àµÃ¶à¡£Î£»úµÄÓ°Ïìϯ¾íÁËËùÓз¢Õ¹Öйú¼Ò¡£ÕýÈç³±öËù˵£¬ÎÒÃÇÒÔÇ°´ÓÀ´Ã»Óмû¹ýÕâÑùµÄÊÂÇé¡£ÎÒÊÇ˵£¬Ò²ÐíÔÚ´óÏôÌõʱËûÃÇÔÚijһʱÆÚ¿´µ½ÁËÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬¾øûÓз¢ÉúµÃÕâô¿ì¡£
¡¡txtС˵ÉÏ´«·ÖÏí

Chapter¡¡14£º¡¡The¡¡Crisis¡¡Reaches¡¡America¡¡£§7£º07£§
µÚÊ®ËÄÕ£º¡¡Î£»ú²¨¼°ÁËÃÀ¹ú
NARRATOR£º¡¡Now¡¡the¡¡crisis¡¡had¡¡reached¡¡America¡£¡¡A¡¡littleknown¡¡but¡¡powerful¡¡private¡¡investment¡¡fund¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡brink¡¡of¡¡bankruptcy¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÏÖÔÚΣ»úÒѾ­²¨¼°µ½ÁËÃÀ¹ú¡£Ò»¸öÏÊΪÈËÖªµ«ºÜÇ¿´óµÄ˽ÈËͶ×Ê»ù½ðÒѾ­µ½ÁËÆƲúµÄ±ßÔµ¡£
Long¡¡Term¡¡Capital¡¡Management£»¡¡or¡¡LTCM£»¡¡directly¡¡controlled¡¡100¡¡billion¡¡of¡¡global¡¡assets¡¡and£»¡¡indirectly£»¡¡more¡¡than¡¡a¡¡trillion¡¡dollars¡£
³¤×ʹ«Ë¾£¬»òÕßLTCM£¬Ö±½Ó¿ØÖÆ×ÅһǧÒÚÃÀÔªµÄÈ«Çò×ʲú£¬¼ä½Ó¿ØÖÆ×ų¬¹ýÒ»ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£
JON¡¡CORZINE£»¡¡Cochairman£»¡¡Goldman¡¡Sachs£»¡¡19941999£º¡¡The¡¡'90s¡¡saw¡¡a¡¡huge¡¡buildup¡¡in¡¡concentrations¡¡that¡¡we¡¡had¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡on¡¡a¡¡global¡¡scale¡£¡¡Maybe¡¡we¡¡had¡¡way¡¡back¡¡in¡¡history¡£¡¡Maybe¡¡the¡¡Romans¡¡had¡¡financial¡¡institutions¡¡that¡¡were¡¡disproportionately¡¡large¡¡to¡¡the¡¡overall¡¡activity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡that¡¡they¡¡operated¡¡in£»¡¡but¡¡LTCM¡¡was¡¡a¡¡specific¡¡type¡¡of¡¡hedge¡¡fund¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡involved¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡Singapore¡¡exchange£»¡¡the¡¡Tokyo¡¡stock¡¡exchange£»¡¡the¡¡London¡¡stock¡¡exchange£»¡¡the¡¡New¡¡York¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡no¡¡market¡¡that¡¡they¡¡weren't¡¡£§involved¡¡in£§¡¡¡¡maybe¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡player£»¡¡or¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡player¡£
JON¡¡CORNINE£¬¸ßÊ¢¹«Ë¾µÄÁªºÏÖ÷ϯ£¬19941999£º¾ÅÊ®Äê´ú¼ûÖ¤ÁËÎÒÃÇ´Óû¿´µ½¹ýµÄÈ«Çò·¶Î§µÄ¼¯ÖС£Ò²ÐíÔÚÀúÊ·ÉϺÜÔçÆÚÎÒÃÇÓйý¡£Ò²ÐíÂÞÂíµÛ¹úÔø¾­ÓйýÓëÕû¸öÊÀ½çµÄ»î¶¯¶¼²»³É±ÈÀýµÄÌØ´óµÄ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹£¬µ«Êdz¤×ʹ«Ë¾ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÌرðµÄ¶Ô³å»ù½ð¡£ËûÃǽéÈëÎÞÂÛÊÇмÓƹÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬¶«¾©¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬Â׶عÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬»¹ÊÇŦԼ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×ËùµÈ¸÷¸ö½»Ò×Ëù¡£Ã»ÓÐÄÄÒ»¸öÊг¡ËûÃÇûÓУ¨½éÈ룩¡¡ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×î´óµÄ»ò½Ó½ü×î´óµÄÍæ¼Ò¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡By¡¡September¡¡1998£»¡¡LTCM's¡¡losses¡¡were¡¡spiraling¡¡out¡¡of¡¡control¡£¡¡Contagion¡¡had¡¡arrived¡¡on¡¡Wall¡¡Street¡£¡¡Incredibly£»¡¡the¡¡failure¡¡of¡¡this¡¡single¡¡investment¡¡fund¡¡threatened¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡global¡¡economy¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºµ½ÁË1998Äê9Ô£¬³¤×ʹ«Ë¾µÄ¿÷ËðÂÝÐýÉÏÉýÖÁʧȥ¿ØÖÆ¡£Î£»úµÄÓ°ÏìÀ´µ½ÁË»ª¶û½Ö¡£ÁîÈËÄÑÒÔÖÃÐŵÄÊÇ£¬¾ÍÕâôһ¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄͶ×Ê»ù½ðµÄʧ°Ü¾¹È»Íþвµ½ÁËÕû¸öÈ«Çò¾­¼Ã¡£
DANIEL¡¡YERGIN£º¡¡If¡¡LTCM¡¡went¡¡down£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡just¡¡the¡¡gears£»¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡just¡¡stopping£»¡¡the¡¡economy¡¡not¡¡working¡£¡¡And¡¡of¡¡course¡¡it's¡¡not¡¡just¡¡what's¡¡on¡¡the¡¡balance¡¡sheet¡¡of¡¡banks¡¡and¡¡so¡¡forth£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡would¡¡translate¡¡into¡¡people¡¡not¡¡working£»¡¡businesses¡¡not¡¡operating£»¡¡small¡¡businesses¡¡not¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡get¡¡their¡¡capital¡¡they¡¡need¡£¡¡And¡¡this¡¡in¡¡a¡¡global¡¡economy¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡almost¡¡inconceivable¡¡to¡¡see¡¡what¡¡the¡¡picture¡¡was£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡just¡¡not¡¡working£»¡¡and¡¡people¡¡just¡¡not¡¡working¡£
DANIEL¡¡YERGIN£ºÈç¹û³¤×ʹ«Ë¾¿çµôÁË£¬ÄǾÍÊÇ´«¶¯×°ÖõÄÎÊÌ⣬ÊÇ»úÆ÷Í£Ö¹¹¤×÷£¬¾­¼Ã²»ÔÙ·¢Õ¹¡£µ±È»£¬Õâ²»½ö½öÊÇ°ÚÔÚÒøÐеȵÄÊÕ֧ƽºâ±íÉϵģ¬¶øÊDZíÏÖΪÈËÃDz»Äܹ¤×÷£¬ÆóÒµ²»ÄÜ¿ª¹¤£¬Ð¡ÐÍÆóÒµµÃ²»µ½ËüÃÇËùÐèµÄ×ʽ𡣶øÕâÔÚÒ»¸öÈ«ÇòÐԵľ­¼ÃÖУ¬¼òÖ±²»¸ÒÏëÏóÕâÑùµÄ³¡¾°£¬µ«Ëü¾ÍÊÇÄÇÖÖÍ£ÖÍ£¬ÈËÃÇÎÞ¹¤¿É×ö¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡The¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Federal¡¡Reserve¡¡summoned¡¡representatives¡¡of¡¡major¡¡£»¡¡then¡¡at¡¡Goldman¡¡Sachs£»¡¡was¡¡among¡¡them¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÅ¦Ô¼Áª°î´¢±¸ÒøÐÐÕÙ¼¯ÃÀ¹úºÍÅ·ÖÞµÄÖ
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡