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制高点-第41章

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DANIEL YERGIN; Author; manding Heights: Up until September 11; there was a sense that this movement toward globalization really was irreversible。 And since then there's been this recognition that things can go in another direction。
DANIEL YERGIN,《占领制高点》的作者:直到9月11日之前,人们一直认为全球化潮流真的是不可逆转,但是自从9月11日之后,人们认识到,事情的发展可能会有另外一个方向。
NARRATOR: Can our deeply interconnected world deliver prosperity to everyone?
旁白:我们这个紧密相连的世界能给每一个人带来繁荣吗?
BILL CLINTON; ; 19932001: And that's basically the next big challenge; is making this interdependent world of ours; on balance; far more positive than negative。 And the extent to which we do that will depend on whether the 21st century is marred by terrorism of all kinds or whether it bees the most peaceful and prosperous time the world has ever known。
克林顿,美国总统,19932001:基本上,下一个重大的挑战是如何使这个相互依存的世界能比较均衡,使其积极的一面超越消极的一面。我们在这一点上做的有多好将依赖于:21世纪是否会被各种各样的恐怖主义所破坏,或者这个世界能否成为有史以来最为和平和繁荣的时代。
NARRATOR: This is the story of how the new global economy was born; the story of a centurylong battle of ideas to determine who would control the ";manding heights"; of the economy  central governments or free markets。
旁白:这是一个全球新经济如何产生的故事,是一个长达一个世纪的观念之争——谁将控制经济的“制高点”——中央政府还是自由市场。
In the 1990s; a worldwide capitalist revolution fueled the new era of globalization; the greatest expansion of world trade in history。
在20世纪90年代,世界范围的资本主义革命推进了全球化的新时代——也是历史上世界贸易扩张幅度最大的时代。
RICHARD CHENEY; : Millions of people a day are better off than they would have been without globalization; and very few people have been harmed by it。
切尼,美国副总统:每天都有数一百计的人们因为全球化而过的更好,几乎没有什么人受到过全球化的伤害。
NARRATOR: But with the promise came a debate about the impact of globalization。
旁白:但伴随着这个承诺而来的就是一场关于全球化影响的辩论。
GRETCHEN KING; Media Activist; Independent Media Center: And should the world's wealthiest people really dictate how the world's economy is going to run?
GRETCHEN KING,媒体激进主义者,独立媒体中心:是不是应该由这个世界上最富有的国家裁定世界经济的模式?
NARRATOR: Tonight; the battle over who should write the new rules of the game for the global economy。
旁白:今天晚上,关于谁应当制订全球经济新规则,将有一场争辩。
GEE W。 BUSH; : Out of the sorrow of September 11; I see opportunity; a chance for nations to strengthen and rethink and reinvigorate their relationships。 When nations open their markets to the world; they find in America trading partners; an investor; and a friend。
布什,美国总统:从911事件的悲哀中,我看到了机遇——各个国家如何自强、重新思考并重新激活国家关系,当各个国家对世界开放市场的时候,它们能在美国找到贸易伙伴、
投资者和朋友。
NARRATOR: We are living through a revolution。 The 1990s saw the creation of a new kind of global economy; a single market in which everyone has a stake; but no one has control。
旁白:我们正生活在一个大变革的时代,20世纪90年代开创了新型的全球经济,每个人在全球经济中都有自己的份额,但是没有哪一个能拥有对它的控制权。
Globalization has brought unprecedented prosperity; but it has also brought crises and risks we are only beginning to understand。 It has unleashed a worldwide debate about wealth and poverty; about the ";rules of the game"; for this new era of globalization。
全球化已经带来了史无前例的繁荣,但是也已经带来了危机和风险——我们只是刚刚开始理解这些危机和风险。同时,它还引发了一场全球范围的辩论——有关富有和贫穷,有关全球化新时代“游戏规则”
DANIEL YERGIN: Historians may well say that a new era began at the beginning of the 1990s with the end of the Cold War and the Gulf crises。 It was this new era of globalization; of a world being tied together by flows of investment; of trade; of ideas; of culture; of people travelling all the time。 And it happened very fast。 And as so often happens; the change came more quickly than the ability of thinking to catch up and understand the change。 But to understand where we are today and where we're going; we have to understand this recent past。
DANIEL YERGIN:历史学家可能会说:这个新时代开始于20世纪90年代之初——冷战结束和海湾危机的时候,这是一个全球化的新时代,世界被资本流动、贸易、观念、文化和不停迁移的人们连接在一起,所有这一切都发生的极其迅速,和往常一样,人们的跟上并理解变革的思维能力跟不上变革实际发生的速度。但是,要理解我们的处境和我们的未来,我们必须理解刚刚发生的过去。


Chapter 2: The Global Idea '3:52'
第二章: 全球观念
NARRATOR: No economic idea has shaped the era of globalization more profoundly than a belief in free; open markets。 Free trade has been a fundamental tenet of capitalism for over 200 years。 But in the 1990s; the global market created a new reality that no government; no politician could afford to ignore。
旁白:自由、开放的市场观念对全球化时代的形成产生了最为深远的影响,自由贸易成为资本主义的基本信条已经长达两百年了,但是,在20世纪90年代,全球市场产生了一种没有哪个政府或政客能忽视的新现实。
Our story begins in 1992。 The global economy was changing rapidly; but America seemed adrift。 A recession had left 10 million workers unemployed。 Industries struggled against intense foreign petition。 Europe had formed a single trading bloc。 Japan looked invincible。 Japanese panies were buying up American icons; like Rockefeller Center and Universal Studios。
我们的故事开始于1992年,全球经济迅速变迁,但是美国似乎游移不定,一场衰退已经使得一千万工人失业,各个行业努力挣扎着和残酷的国外竞争进行抗衡,欧洲地区已经形成了单一的贸易集团,日本看起来十分强大,日本公司开始收购一些美国经济的标志:比如洛克非勒中心和寰宇工作室等等。
In the 1992 presidential campaign; Arkansas governor Bill Clinton claimed he could get America back on track。 He drew crucial support from America's labor unions and seemed to promise workers' protection against global petition。
在92年的总统竞选中,阿肯萨斯州长比尔克林顿宣称他能够使美国重上轨道,美国工会给予他关键的支持,他似乎也承诺保护工人群体不受全球竞争的伤害。
BILL CLINTON: Look at what our petito
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