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旁白：奥匈帝国战败，帝国也解体了。维也纳是一个寒冷、饥饿的城市。革命很流行。社会主义者和共产主义者赢得了人心。年轻而又理想主义的哈耶克进入维也纳大学学习。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK： It was during the war that I more or less decided to do economics。 I really got hooked。
哈耶克：是在战争中，我决定从事经济学研究。我真的被它抓住了。
NARRATOR： Socialism seemed to promise a more just society。 Albert Zlabinger； a former pupil and disciple of Hayek：
旁白：社会主义似乎承诺了一个更公正的社会。Albert Zlabinger以前是哈耶克的学生和信徒。
ALBERT ZLABINGER； Economist and Pupil of Hayek： He openly said that he at one time was a socialist of the mild sort； where concerns for the poor and concerns for fairness and equity would help to determine government policy。
Albert Zlabinger，经济学家，哈耶克的学生：他公开说自己一度曾是温和的社会主义者，主张对穷人，公平和平等的关注将会帮助政府确定政策。
NARRATOR： Much of Vienna's intellectual life took place outside the university； in the coffeehouses across the Ringstrasse。 There were informal seminars for those who loved discussion and argument。 Hayek joined the circle of a passionate libertarian called Ludwig von Mises。 Von Mises believed markets； like people； needed to be free from government meddling。
旁白：维也纳的学术活动多数是在大学以外的Ringstrasse对面的咖啡馆进行的。热爱讨论和争论的人举办一些非正式的讨论会。哈耶克加入到一位充满热情的自由主义者的圈子当中，这个自由主义者就是Ludwig von Mises。Von Mises 认为市场就像人一样需要摆脱政府的干预。
ALBERT ZLABINGER： Ludwig von Mises was the preeminent economist of the Austrian school。 The distinguishing hallmark of the Austrian school of economic thought is that markets work and governments don't。
ALBERT ZLABINGER：Ludwig von Mises是奥地利学派一位杰出的经济学家。奥地利学派经济思想的显著特点就是他们认为市场起作用而政府不起作用。
NARRATOR： Von Mises predicted that the new Soviet socialist economy would never work； precisely because the government controlled wages and prices。
旁白：Von Mises预言正是由于政府控制工资和价格，所以新的苏联的社会主义经济永远不会成功。
DANIEL YERGIN： What von Mises said is that the great flaw of socialism is that it doesn't have a functioning price system to send all the signals to consumers and producers as to what something is worth； that these prices are at the very heart of what makes a functioning economy work。
丹尼尔。尤金：Von Mises 所说的是指社会主义的一大缺点是它没有一个有效的价格体系来向消费者和生产者传递所有表示什么东西值多少钱的信号；而这些价格则恰恰是使经济有效运行的核心。
You can think of them as traffic signals。 And if you don't have them； what you get is a system that doesn't work； or you get chaos。
你可以把它们看作交通信号。如果没有它们，那么你得到的是一个无效的或者混乱的体系。
ALBERT ZLABINGER： Von Mises argued that free markets do it best why fool with anything else？
ALBERT ZLABINGER：Von Mises争论说自由市场最有效－为什么还要玩弄其他手段呢？
Onscreen title： Moscow； 1922
字幕标题：莫斯科，1922年
NARRATOR： In Soviet Russia； it seemed as if von Mises's predictions were ing true。 Lenin had abolished what he saw as the chaos of free markets。 The state controlled the economy。 Wages and prices were fixed。 But the great Marxist experiment was in trouble。 Lenin had an economic disaster on his hands。 Soviet Russia was a grim place； haunted by cold； famine； hunger； and death。
旁白：在苏联，Von Mises的预言看起来好像应验了。列宁结束了他所认为的自由市场混乱状态。国家控制了经济。工资和价格是固定的。但是伟大的马克思主义的试验陷入了困境。列宁面临一场经济灾难。苏联成了一个严酷的地方，饱受寒冷、饥荒、饥饿和死亡的折磨。
DANIEL YERGIN： Lenin knew that he needed a different kind of policy。 and he instituted what would bee known as the New Economic Policy。 Lenin says farmers can sell their own goods and own their own land。 He says that small businesses can operate； and you start to get an economic revival。 Well； his rades on the left attacked him viciously for selling out the principles of Bolshevism and Marxism。 And Lenin； who by this time had already had a stroke and was not well； nevertheless pulled himself up on the platform for one of the very last times in his life； and he was still the old Lenin。 He was vitriolic； he was sarcastic。 His critics； he said； were fools； were stupid； because the state； the government； the Bolsheviks would control the overall economy： steel； railroads； coal； the heavy industries what he called the "；manding heights"； of the economy。
丹尼尔。尤金：列宁知道他需要推行另一种不同的政策，于是他推行了著名的“新经济政策”。列宁表示农民可以出售自己的产品和土地；小企业可以开工经营。经济开始复苏。但是左派严厉抨击列宁，抨击他背叛了布尔什维主义和马克思主义的原则。列宁那是已经中过一次风，健康状况不佳，但是他仍然进行生命中最后几次演讲；他仍然是那个年迈的列宁，尖刻、讽刺。他说，他的批评者们都是愚蠢的傻子，因为国家、政府和布尔什维克将控制整个经济：钢铁、铁路、煤炭、重工业－他将这些称之为经济的“制高点”。
NARRATOR： Within a year Lenin was dead。 The mourners at Lenin's funeral believed that history was on their side； and in less than 30 years； not only Russia； but Eastern Europe； China more than a third of humanity would be living according to the economic tenets of Marxist Leninism。
旁白：不到一年列宁就去世了。在列宁的葬礼上，悼念者们坚信他们是顺应历史潮流的。在不到三十年的时间里，不仅俄国，还有东欧和中国－占人类总数的三分之一还要多－都实行了社会主义，按照马克思列宁主义的经济原理来发展经济。
Lenin's successor would tighten the munist Party's iron grip on the manding heights of the economy。 Joseph Stalin introduced central planning。 Under him； the munist Party planned and managed every aspect of the economy。 While munism seemed to be fing ahead； capitalism looked to be doomed。
列宁的继任者加强了在经济制高点行业的铁腕统治。斯大林引入了中央计划。在他的领导下，共产党为经济生活的每个方面编制计划并进行管理。社会似乎正在向共产主义社会迈进，而资本主义看起来注定要灭亡了。
。 想看书来
Chapter 4： A Capitalist Collapse ＇8：48＇
第四章：资本主义的崩溃
Onscreen title： Vienna； 1923
字幕标题：维也纳，1923年
NARRATOR： Germany and Austria were living with the economic consequences of the peace。 Forced to pay unbearable war reparations； the defeated governments simply printed more money。 The result： in